Circuits

CIRCUIT ASSIGNMENT ===  Area of Interaction: Environments  === ===  Significant Concepts: Basic circuits  === ===  Unit Question: How have circuits impacted our environments? ===

INVESTIGATE: Define the following using this site:  Webster's

Voltage: electric potential or potential difference expressed in volts

Current: the time rate of flow of electric charge, in the direction that a positive moving charge would take and having magnitude equalto the quantity of charge per unit time: measured in amperes.

Resistance:

Also called __ [|ohmic resistance.]  __ a property of a conductor by virtue of __  [|which]  __ the passage of __  [|current]  __ is opposed, causing electric energy to be transformed intoheat: equal to the voltage across the conductor dividedby the current flowing in the conductor: usually measured in ohms. Abbreviation: R

Circuit:

Also called __ [|electric circuit.]  __ the complete path of an electric __  [|current]  __, including the generating apparatus,intervening resistors, or capacitors.

Transistors: a semiconductor device that amplifies, oscillates, or switches the flow of __ [|current]  __ between twoterminals by varying the current or voltage between one ofthe terminals and a third: although much smaller in sizethan a vacuum tube, it performs similar functions withoutrequiring current to heat a cathode.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">LEDs: Short for // light-emitting diode.// An electronic semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. They are considerably more efficient than incandescent bulbs, and rarely burn out. LEDs are used in many applications such as flat-screen video displays, and increasingly as general sources oflight.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Capacitor: a device for accumulating and holding a charge of electricity, consisting of two equally charged conducting surfaces having opposite signs and separated by a dielectric.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Resistor: a device designed to introduce __ [|resistance]  __ into an electric circuit.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Switch: a device for turning on or off or directing anelectric __ [|current]  __ or for making or breaking a circuit.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Digital Electronics: The implementation of __ [|two-valued logic]  __ using electronic __  [|logic gates]  __ such as __  [|and gates]  __, __  [|or gates]  __ and __  [|flip-flops]  __. In such circuitsthe logical values true and false are represented by two different__ [|voltages]  __, e.g. 0V for false and +5V for true. Similarly, numbersare normally represented in __ [|binary]  __ using two different voltages torepresented zero and one.

Digital electronics contrasts with __ [|analogue]  __ electronics whichrepresents continuously varying quantities like sound pressureusing continuously varying voltages.

Digital electronics is the foundation of modern computers and__ [|digital communications]  __. Massively complex digital logic circuitswith millions of gates can now be built onto a single __ [|integrated circuit]  __ such as a __  [|microprocessor]  __ and these circuits can performmillions of operations per second.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Integrated Circuit: a circuit of transistors, resistors, and capacitors constructed on a single semiconductor wafer or chip, in __ [|which]  __ the components are interconnected to perform a given function. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Abbreviation: IC

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Binary Code: a system of representing letters, numbers, or other characters,using binary notation.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Circuit Breaker: Also called __ [|breaker.]  __ a device for interrupting anelectric circuit to prevent excessive __  [|current]  __, as that causedby a short circuit, from damaging the apparatus in thecircuit or from causing a fire.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Conductor: a substance, body, or device that readily __ [|conducts]  __ heat, electricity, __  [|sound]  __, etc.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Go to the following site and run the circuit construction kit. The site is: [|Circuit Link]

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Using this site, answer the following questions:

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Using one battery, make the light bulb work. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts:9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps:0.90

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. Light two light bulbs with one battery. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts:4.5 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps:0.45

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. Using a switch to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts:9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps:0.90

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">4. Use a capacitor with your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: when energy was released, they rapidly increased then decreased. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">b. Amps: when energy was released, they rapidly increased then decreased.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">5. Use an inductor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts:Gradually rises to 9.38

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: gradually rises to 0.94

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">6. Use an AC Voltage in your circuit. What happens to the current? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: rapidly increased then decreased repeatedly <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: rapidly increased then decreased repeatedly

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">7. Which items in the grab bag complete the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">(One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Dollar Bill no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Paper clip yes, 9.38 volts, 0.94 amps <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">c. Penny yes, 9.38 volts, 0.94 amps

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">d. Eraser no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">e. Pencil lead a little .3 volts, 0.03 amps <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">f. Hand no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">g. Dog no

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">8. Use a resistor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 4.69 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.47

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">9. Add two batteries to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 18.38 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps:1.84

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">10. Add three batteries to the circuit. Right click on one of the batteries <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">and change the voltage to 100%. What happens to your batteries? they get overloaded and then go kaboom! <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts:117.99 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps:11.80

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">11. Make your own circuit <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts:99.99 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps:10.0 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">c. Explain what happened with your circuit: the lightbulb was very very bright. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">d. Describe/draw your circuit below: we attahed one lightbulb to a 100 volt battery. It did not explode

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">CREATE <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Now start your circuit project. Get the materials and instruction from Ms. Bradfield.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">EVALUATE

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Answer the Following Questions After You Complete Your Circuit: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Did you like making the circuit? indeed <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. What did you like the least about making the circuit?the smell of the solder <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. What did you like the best about making the circuit?when we turned it on and it worked!!!!!! <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">4. Using complete sentences, explain how circuits can be applied in the real world. (List three) 1) Circuits are everywhere in our world. By knowing how they work, we can better understand how the technology in our world works. 2) It teaches people about electrical flow. 3) Seeing your cicuit work correctly makes you proud of the work you have done and so inspires you to try your best on other projects to have the same feeling of success.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">5. Were you careful with the circuit, solder, and soldering iron? yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">6. Were you respectful and nice to other students? yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">7. Did you take a picture of both your circuits and add them to this wiki page? yes

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">ATTITUDE <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Did you have a good attitude answering the questions? Explain: Yes, we answered them with jubilation <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. Did you have a good attitude making the circuits? Explain: Yes, we were ecstatic while making our first circuit. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. Were you a whiny baby during the circuit unit? Explain: No,we were very un-whiny-baby-ish.

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